The Impact of Lead-Time Variability on Supply Chain Operations of Retail Stores and Supermarkets in Karachi During the Pandemic Situation

Abstract

The retail sector plays a vital role in Pakistan's economy, with numerous retail outlets and supermarkets operating in Karachi and across the country. Karachi's retail landscape is diverse, featuring many grocery stores and supermarkets that serve both local and international modern trade. This study examines how lead-time variability impacts supply chain operations in supermarkets and grocery stores in Karachi, particularly in the context of the challenges posed by the pandemic. Lead-time, a critical factor, exhibits variability that affects overall supply chain performance. The research aims to investigate how this variability influences supply chain operations, with a focus on the moderating effects of the pandemic. Data was gathered through surveys distributed to supply chain managers from various supermarkets and retail stores in Karachi, each employing different strategies during the pandemic. Statistical analysis, specifically regression techniques, was utilized to interpret the results. The findings indicate that lead-time variability (LTV) has a significant impact on supply chain operations (SCO), and that the pandemic substantially moderates the relationship between lead-time variability and supply chain performance.