Siazga Research Journal

An Overview of Olfactory Devices

Poma Panezai — 2025-03-31

Nowadays, the most challenging task is achieving relaxation. Indeed it is important for our physical and mental health to get rid of all day stress. One of the utmost ubiquitous of all senses is the sense of smell but it is also the one which has hardly been explored in the field of Human and Computer Interaction. Human emotions and memories are closely associated with the sense of smell as it gives information about different events that are part of one’s personal life, for example, the smell of fire, and pollution, it also helps us when we are looking for food or even sometimes it works as an alarm for reminding us to do something important. This paper presents two different categories of olfactory devices that can be controlled from a remote location via a smartphone. We categorized these devices by means of the level of concentration and the intensity of smell they are producing. We also talk about the basic structure and system design of olfactory devices. Furthermore, this paper presents a set of applications where the olfactory devices are used and the associated software framework. We also discuss different tests that were conducted in order to show the usability of olfactory devices and their results.

Geopolitical Dimensions of the Iran-Afghanistan Crisis: U.S. Role and Regional Implications

Dawar Khan Kundi — 2025-03-31

This research papers focuses on multidimensional geopolitical conflict between the Iran-Afghanistan which has its roots in historical grievances, security issues, strategic mistrust, and role of external factors for hegemonic designs. Despite the facts that both states share long cultural and historical ties, interference in each other’s affairs, and cycle of suspension backed by supporting destabilizing forces have left significant implications and consequences. Resultantly, the entire region has been turned into a war-theatre and proxy zone for Great Power rivalries. The 1979 Islamic Revolution and the USSR invasion of Afghanistan further intensified the state of affairs and security environment. The U.S’s involvement in the Afghan jihad, concerns over Iran’s nuclear proliferation, and Tehran’s regional ambitions added more fuel to the geopolitical and geostrategic tensions. The post 9/11 scenarios and Taliban’s resurgence following U.S withdrawal introduced more complexities highlighting vibrant shift in geopolitical chessboard. Applying Barry Buzan’s Regional Security Complex Theory (RSCT) as theoretical framework, the study explores the geopolitical dimensions of the two immediate neighboring states, the nature of conflicts, and role of the U.S. in shaping security dynamics in Central and South Asia. It is crucial to understand these dynamics in order to assess evolving power competition and regional stability in a changing geostrategic significant era.

Controlled Democracy and its Implications in Pakistan

Shahzad Hussain — 2025-03-31

Controlled or disciplined democracy has been a defining feature of Pakistan's political history, demonstrating a continual conflict between democratic values and non-democratic intervention. This article explores the history of Pakistan's controlled democracy, from 1947 until the military takeover in 1999. The study looks at how institutions or parts of society that aren't democratic—especially those in the military and civil bureaucracy—changed the course of politics by making things difficult for civilian governments and changing democratic processes to keep control. There is also inefficiency in politicians practicing pseudo democracy or feudal democracy. The article focuses on main governments of Ayub Khan's Basic Democracies System (B.D. System), Zia-ul-Haq's policies during the Afghan War, and Pervez Musharraf's local or large route-level democracy through local government reforms and desired election processes. It discusses how the judiciary and media, as well as legislation and political engineering, plat their role under authoritarian power under the appearance of democratic authority. Furthermore, the article looks at the sociopolitical consequences of these actions, such as a lack of political culture in political parties and an increase in poverty and backwardness in the country. This research provides a realistic understanding of Pakistan's transition to civil supremacy and the hurdles to it, as well as an awareness of the challenges that postcolonial regimes have in balancing authoritarian tendencies with democratic ideals.

Drug Adherence and Knowledge Issues in Hypertensive Non-Medical Professionals Taking Sugar-Sweetened Soft Drinks

Zafar Ullah — 2025-03-31

Hypertension has become the most common cause of many cardiovascular disorders in recent decades. The primary goal of this study was to assess the impact of health-related quality on hypertensive non-medical professionals who often consume soft drinks. A cross-sectional survey of 571 people was conducted using a questionnaire from March to July 2024. The data from hospitals in Loralai, Balochistan, was analyzed using descriptive statistical tests. About 26.54% had hypertension and were soft drink drinkers. The majority of the interviewees were unaware of their blood pressure levels, and 36.8% had hypertension symptoms. The findings of this study revealed significant gaps in information, diagnosis, and adaptation of preventative measures. The current situation is concerning due to a consistent lifestyle, a lack of awareness of high blood pressure, and the continued consumption of soft beverages.

Analyzing the Effect of Organizational Culture on Employee Engagement in Call Centers

Fatima Shahid — 2025-03-31

The study looks at the size of the impact and outcomes of how well workers do. It looks at how these things affect the level of work. Also, it will look at how they work together and how good or bad workers might be due to these things. This research explores what makes workers do well in a phone office in Pakistan. Based on what other people have written, we will look at four things that might affect how well workers do their job. We want to see if these things affect workers’ jobs. We asked 170 workers questions using a scale. Then we used math to find out more. The result showed that training, rewards, and the boss all play a part in how well workers do their job.

The Impact of Workplace Environment and Stress

Qanita Imtiaz — 2025-03-31

This research gained a motivation by the need to explore how the workplace environment affects university faculty stress level. The study focused on the physical surroundings, social dynamics, and organizational culture, and their significant impact on how faculty learn and perceive themselves. The study explored various elements of the university settings, such as on-campus facilities, interpersonal connections, and institutional sports area and their effect on faculty stress level. The findings indicated that a safe workplace environment helps to decrease stress of faculty, suggesting that workplace modifications can create a more encouraging learning environment and increase faculty efficacy. The researchers reviewed literature from different websites, books, and articles. A qualitative method was used to explore the effectiveness of the workplace environment on university faculty ' stress level. Therefore, semi-structured interviews were used with 20 teachers to collect qualitative data. Convenient and purposive sampling was used to gather data from 20 teachers in university. The study found that a positive workplace environment benefits faculty learning ability. It was concluded that teachers need to be aware of faculty' problems. Recommendations were provided to university authorities and security staff to enhance high level security to make safe the workplace environment.

The Impact of Safety and Well-being Initiatives on Academic Performance

Natasha Kehar — 2025-03-31

This research study was conducted to examine the impact of safety and well-being initiatives and programs on the academic performance of educational institutions in Pakistan. The study adopted a quantitative approach and a survey research design. The total participants in this study consisted of 100 teachers from secondary schools. Moreover, the data were analyzed using SPSS-v27 and descriptive statistics were applied to analyze the survey tool. The findings of the study are that health and safety help students achieve good academic achievements. However, a health and safety education program is important to improve students’ academic achievements at the secondary school level. The findings of the current study would provide awareness for employees of schools, that is, school heads or teachers, regarding the safety and well-being of students and their impact on their academic performance. Numerous studies have been conducted globally, but in the Pakistani context, minimal research studies have been conducted.